Long term contract 長期契約
種類
- Over time
- Percentage-of-completion method: 工事進行基準
- (SAC606 では、over time と定義)
- Point in time
- Complete-contract method: 工事完成基準
- (SAC606 では、point in time と定義)
The criteria of Over time (the cost-to-cost method)
Under ASC 606-10-25-27, a company satisfies a performance obligation over time and recognizes the revenue and costs over time if at least one of the following three criteria is met:
(1)The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the company’s performance as the company is performing its obligations under the contract.
(2)The company’s performance creates or enhances an asset such as work in process that the customer controls as the work is being done.
(3)The company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the company, and the company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
仕訳
Point-in -Time Recognition
①費用計上
Debit | Credit | ||
---|---|---|---|
Construction in process (CIP) | 原価 | Cash | 原価 |
②請求
Debit | Credit | ||
---|---|---|---|
Accounts receivable (A/R) | 契約に基づく 請求額 | Billings on construction in process (BCP) | 契約に基づく 請求額 |
③損失計上
Debit | Credit | ||
---|---|---|---|
Loss on long-term contract | 損失額 | Construction in process (CIP) | 損失額 |
④プロジェクト完了
Debit | Credit | ||
---|---|---|---|
Billings on construction in process (BCP) | 総請求額 | Revenue on point-in-time contracts | 総請求額 |
Construction expense | 総原価 | Construction in process (CIP) | 総原価 |
⑤決算期のB/S
- CIP と BCP は、ネットしたうえで、プロジェクト毎に差額を計算する
- If CIP > BCP
- contract asset: costs of in-process point-in-time contracts in excess of related costs
- If CIP < BCP
- contract liability: billings of in-process point-in-time contracts in excess of related costs
- If CIP > BCP
- プロジェクト毎に、contract asset か contract liability を集計する
CIP | BCP | contract asset | contract liability | |
Project A | 100 | 300 | – | 200 |
Project B | 200 | 100 | 100 | – |
Project C | 200 | 250 | – | 50 |
Company’s B/S | – | – | 100 | 250 |
Over-time Recognition
⑥収益認識(途中年度)
Debit | Credit | ||
---|---|---|---|
Cost incurred | 原価 | Revenue on point-in-time contracts | 進捗額 |
Construction in process (CIP) | 粗利額 |
⑦プロジェクト完了
Debit | Credit | ||
---|---|---|---|
Billings on construction in process (BCP) | 総請求額 | Construction in process (CIP) | 総進捗額 |
計算問題
複数プロジェクトを並べた出題
a/c | PJT-1 | PJT-2 |
---|---|---|
Contract price | 420,000 | 300,000 |
Cost incurred during 2020 | 240,000 | 280,000 |
Estimated costs to complete | 120,000 | 40,000 |
Billed to customers during 2020 | 150,000 | 270,000 |
Received from customers during 2020 | 90,000 | 250,000 |
問1)point-in-time の場合、2020年の損益
PJT-1:未完了→ゼロ
PJT-2:損失発生→ -20,000(∵損失は完了を待たずして認識すべきだから)
問2)point-in-time の場合、2020年の contract asset と contract liability
PJT-1:
CIP:240,000(発生原価)
BCP:150,000(請求額)
→ CIP > BVP より、contract asset = 90,000
PJT-2:
CIP:280,000(発生原価)- 20,000(損失)= 260,000
BCP:270,000(請求額)
→ CIP < BCP より、contract liability = 10,000
問3)over-time の場合、2020年の損益
PJT-1:
①期待利益 = 420,000 – (240,000 + 120,000) = 60,000
②進捗率 = 240,000 ÷ (240,000 + 120,000) = .666666
③年度利益 = 60,000 × 0.66666 = 40,000
PJT-2:
①期待利益 = 300,000 – (280,000 + 40,000) = -20,000
②損失の場合は進捗率は常に100%
③年度利益 = -20,000
問4)over-time の場合、2020年の CIP
PJT1:CIP=発生原価+損益=240,000+40,000=280,000
PJT2:CIP=発生原価+損益=280,000+(-2,000)=260,000
複数期間を並べた出題
①コストがプロジェクト期間中に合計予測値として与えられている
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Estimated total cost | 1,200,000 | 1,300,000 | 1,550,000 | 1,550,000 | |
Cost incurred | 400,000 | 200,000 | 750,000 | 200,000 | |
Billings | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections | 350,000 | 300,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 |
②コストがプロジェクト期間中に累計実績値として与えられている
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Actual costs Incurred to date | 400,000 | 600,000 | 1,350,000 | 1,550,000 | |
Estimated cost to complete | 800,000 | 700,000 | 200,000 | 0 | |
Billings during the year | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections during the year | 350,000 | 300,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 |
③コストがプロジェクト期間中に年度ごとに与えらえている
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Costs Incurred during the year | 400,000 | 200,000 | 750,000 | 200,000 | |
Estimated cost to complete | 800,000 | 700,000 | 200,000 | 0 | |
Billings during the year | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections during the year | 350,000 | 300,000 | 380,000 | 420,000 |
⑦単期間の損益 (over-time)
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Actual costs Incurred to date | 400,000 | 600,000 | 1,350,000 | 1,550,000 | |
Estimated cost to complete | 800,000 | 700,000 | 200,000 | 0 | |
Billings during the year | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections during the year | 350,000 | 300,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 |
① estimated profit = 1,500,000 – (400,000 + 800,000) = 300,000
② 進捗率 = 400,000 ÷ (400,000 + 800,000) = 0.3333
③ 損益 = 300,000 × 0.3333 = 100,000
⑧プロジェクト期間中の特定年度の損益 (over-time)
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Actual costs Incurred to date | 400,000 | 600,000 | 1,350,000 | 1,550,000 | |
Estimated cost to complete | 800,000 | 700,000 | 200,000 | 0 | |
Billings during the year | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections during the year | 350,000 | 300,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 |
① estimated profit = 1,500,000 – (600,000 + 700,000) = 200,000
② 進捗率 = 600,000 ÷ (600,000 + 700,000) = 0.4615
③ 損益TY2 = 200,000 × 0.4615 = 92,308
④ 損益PY2 = 損益TY2 – 損益TY1 = 92,308 – 100,000 = -7,692
⑨プロジェクト期間中の特定年度の損益 (point-in-time)
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Actual costs Incurred to date | 400,000 | 600,000 | 1,350,000 | 1,550,000 | |
Estimated cost to complete | 800,000 | 700,000 | 200,000 | 0 | |
Billings during the year | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections during the year | 350,000 | 300,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 |
* Year 3 の損益 = -50,000
⑩プロジェクト期間中の特定年度までの通算損益 (over-time)
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contract price | 1,500,000 | ||||
Actual costs Incurred to date | 400,000 | 600,000 | 1,350,000 | 1,550,000 | |
Estimated cost to complete | 800,000 | 700,000 | 200,000 | 0 | |
Billings during the year | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | 375,000 | |
Collections during the year | 350,000 | 300,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 |
① estimated profit = 1,500,000 – (600,000 + 700,000) = 200,000
② 進捗率 = 600,000 ÷ (600,000 + 700,000) = 0.4615
③ 損益TY2 = 200,000 × 0.4615 = 92,308
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